ZEB represents a critical integration of architectural physics and urban energy systems, yet its implementation reflects deep regional divergences. 

While the core definition—balancing annual primary energy consumption with renewable generation—is universal, the strategies differ.

In Europe, the "nZEB" (nearly Zero Energy Building) standard emphasizes the "Passive First" approach, prioritizing thermal insulation to suit heating-dominated climates.

Conversely, in sun-drenched regions or cooling-dominated Asian cities, the focus often shifts toward "Active" strategies that leverage high-efficiency HVAC systems and aggressive on-site PV deployment.

Ultimately, ZEB is the blueprint for climate-neutral cities, transforming buildings from passive consumers into active, grid-interactive assets tailored to their specific geographical constraints.