A blast furnace is a large industrial furnace that has been the dominant method for producing liquid iron for centuries.

The process uses coke, a carbon-rich fuel, to melt iron ore. While highly effective, its reliance on coke makes it one of the largest sources of industrial CO₂ emissions, posing a major challenge to global climate goals.

In recent years, the steel industry has begun a fundamental shift toward decarbonization. This involves moving away from traditional blast furnaces to alternative technologies, such as hydrogen-based steelmaking. This process uses green hydrogen to reduce iron ore, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. This marks the next frontier for steel production and the move toward a green steel future.