ToC
Theory of Constraints (ToC) is a management philosophy created by Eliyahu M. Goldratt that focuses on identifying the single greatest limiting factor (the constraint or "bottleneck") that prevents an organization from achieving its goal, typically profit.
ToC is built on the principle that a system's throughput is governed by its weakest link. Instead of trying to optimize every part of a system, ToC uses a five-step focusing process to: Identify, Exploit, Subordinate, Elevate the constraint, and then Repeat the cycle. This method ensures resources are focused where they yield the maximum return, driving the system toward its desired goal.